Glomerulonephritis
What is Glomerulonephritis?
Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli, the kidney’s blood-filtering units. This condition, also known as nephritis, can lead to:
- Hematuria: Blood in urine
- Proteinuria: Loss of protein in urine
- Reduced Kidney Function: Potential kidney failure
Types
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, occurs when the pressure required for blood flow is higher than normal. A reading below 130/85 mm Hg is considered normal, 130-140/85-90 mm Hg is high normal, and above 140/90 mm Hg is classified as hypertension.
- Acute Glomerulonephritis: Often self-limiting, recovering in weeks to months without treatment.
- Chronic Progressive Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation progresses slowly over years, potentially leading to chronic kidney failure if untreated.
- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis: A severe form that can cause permanent kidney failure within weeks if not promptly treated.
Symptoms
- Puffiness of the face, especially in the morning
- Blood or cola-coloured urine
- Decreased urine output
- Shortness of breath and cough (acute form)
- High blood pressure
- Swelling of ankles
- Frequent nighttime urination
- Very bubbly urine
Symptoms of Kidney Failure
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fatigue
- Difficulty sleeping
- Dry, itchy skin
- Nighttime muscle cramps
Causes
- Acute: Infections (throat, skin, viral), collagen vascular diseases (e.g., lupus), drugs
- Chronic: Often hereditary, can also be due to immune system changes or unknown causes
Prevention
- Maintain good hygiene
- Practice safe sex and avoid IV drug use
- For chronic cases, control blood pressure and reduce protein intake
Treatment
- Diet: Restrict salt, fluids, and proteins; avoid certain fruits and juices
- Acute Form: May heal on its own; antibiotics for infections, diuretics for swelling
- Chronic Form: Anti-hypertensives for blood pressure, steroids, and immunosuppressive therapy if needed
Regular check-ups are crucial for early detection and management of glomerulonephritis, potentially preventing chronic kidney disease.
