Hypertension
Hypertension
Blood pressure is the force of blood against artery walls as the heart pumps. It is measured in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg) and recorded as two numbers:
- Systolic Pressure (top number): Pressure when the heart beats.
- Diastolic Pressure (bottom number): Pressure between beats when the heart is at rest.
Hypertension & its Types
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, occurs when the pressure required for blood flow is higher than normal. A reading below 130/85 mm Hg is considered normal, 130-140/85-90 mm Hg is high normal, and above 140/90 mm Hg is classified as hypertension.
- Primary Hypertension: No identifiable cause; linked to lifestyle factors like weight and salt intake. Accounts for 95% of cases.
- Secondary Hypertension: Caused by specific conditions such as kidney disease, adrenal disorders, or hyperparathyroidism.
Risk Factors
- Age
- Family history
- Obesity
- High salt intake
- Use of oral contraceptives
- Diabetes
- Men are generally at higher risk
Impact on Kidneys
High blood pressure can severely damage kidneys, leading to kidney failure. It’s a major cause of chronic kidney disease and can accelerate renal damage even with mild hypertension.
Treatment
- Lifestyle Changes: For mild cases, losing weight, reducing fat and salt intake, limiting alcohol, and regular exercise can help.
- Medications: For more severe cases, medication may be necessary. It's crucial to follow prescribed treatments and quit smoking to reduce risks of complications like heart attacks or strokes.
